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International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Drug Technology

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📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2025

IJPHDT, Vol-2, Issue-8, Aug-2025

Volume 2, Issue 8 - undefined 2025

Volume 2 Issue 8 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 2 Issue 8
Published:Invalid Date

Editorial: IJPHDT, Vol-2, Issue-8, Aug-2025

Welcome to the 2025 issue of International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Drug Technology. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr. Margaret Thompson
Editor-in-Chief
International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Drug Technology

Articles in This Issue

Showing 18 of 18 articles
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000137

A Comparative Study on The Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts from Selected Ayurvedic Herbs

Sakshi Sainath Pimpalshende, Sakshi Kiranrao Supare, Vishakha Digambar Rahangdale, Shivam Dilip Wadpalliwar, Sarthak Ramesh Shelke

This paper has reviewed and compared the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of ethanol extracts of some Ayurvedic herbs, namely, Withania somnifera, Calotropis procera, and Semecarpus anacardium judged by the currently described pharmacological findings. The antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and a total phenolic content (TPC) test; cytotoxicity through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay versus cultured tumor cell lines. Major differences in the bioactivity were observed: Calotropis procera and Semecarpus anacardium displayed high cytotoxic effects (IC 50 1.4-1.60g/mL), as reported in the literature. Withania somnifera exhibited moderate antioxidant potential, in vitro cytotoxicity (apoptotic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation seen in A549 lung carcinoma cellular models). The comparison analysis makes note of the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants as sources of bioactive compounds that might be utilized in the drug development efforts by leveraging natural products and in their chemopreventive potential uses. Implications, limitations, and future research directions in studies are presented.

Sustainable Livestock ManagementMolecular DockingLC-MS/MSEthnoveterinary KnowledgeAnimal ModelsPhytochemicals+2 more
9,651 views
2,967 downloads

Contributors:

 Sakshi Sainath Pimpalshende
,
 Sakshi Kiranrao Supare
,
 Vishakha Digambar Rahangdale
,
 Shivam Dilip Wadpalliwar
,
 Sarthak Ramesh Shelke
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000127

A Systematic Review on The Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Combating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Rakesh Sahebrao Jadhav, Alpana Krishnarao Jadhav, Milind Mohan Godbole

Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, among others form an array of conditions characterized by loss of neurons, cognitive impairment and motor loss, and are progressive conditions associated with a grave social, economic, and healthcare burden to society. The existing pharmacological treatment affects the progress of the disease much less as it is mainly symptomatic; it causes some interest in alternative treatment methods. Flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, and phenolic compounds, which represent plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) neuroprotective potential, have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in preclinical animal models through targeting several pathological mechanisms. These substances reduce oxidative stress by potentiating endogenous antioxidant protection, inhibit neuroinflammation via cytokine and microglial adjustment and prevent toxic protein formation, augment neurotransmitter channels, which maintain the neurotransmitter balance in the neurons further enhancing cognitive and motor functions. The translation of preclinical evidence to a direct clinical application is hampered, however, by limitations in bioavailability, blood-brain barrier penetration, heterogeneity of experiments, and lack of long-term studies, despite the promising results evident in past studies. Delivery optimization, animal models routines, and examination of chronic or combinatorial intervention are critical to bring PSMs to safe and viable therapeutic use in human NDs.

Combination TherapyAntimicrobial ResistanceAntibiotic SynergyPhytochemicalsMultidrug Resistance
8,194 views
2,529 downloads

Contributors:

 Rakesh Sahebrao Jadhav
,
 Alpana Krishnarao Jadhav
,
 Milind Mohan Godbole
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000125

Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy: Intersections in The Search for Novel Therapeutic Agents

Aman kumar singh, Aarushi Pandey, Samridhi Jayant, Adarsh Singh, Farah Deeba

Natural products have been the growing source of new therapeutic agents and the fields of ethnopharmacology and pharmacognosy overlap greatly. Ethnopharmacology is the record of traditional knowledge and medicinal practices and leads researchers to plants and compounds that have possible bioactivity. This is complemented by pharmacognosy which involves isolation, characterization, and assessment of these bioactive compounds by conducting stringent preclinical studies, especially animal models. In this review, the authors have synthesized the most important results of studies conducted on animals, mentioning, in particular, the compounds of 6-hederin of Nigella sativa, and curcumin of Curcuma longa, which have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The synthesis of the disciplines provides an improvement to drug discovery by incorporating cultural relevance and scientific validation and focuses on sustainability as well as effectiveness. Issues like standardization, ethical issues and regulatory barriers are critically addressed. Finally, the future opportunities are presented, including the standardized approaches, interdisciplinary approaches, and ethical frameworks, to get the best out of natural products as therapeutic agents. Such review highlights the significance of preparing a bridge between the traditional knowledge and contemporary pharmacological science to promote the creation of effective and sustainable therapeutics.

Relative Contribution IndexImmunomodulatory ActivityGC-MS AnalysisPharmacognostical ProfilingTinospora Cordifolia
7,946 views
2,435 downloads

Contributors:

 Aman kumar singh
,
 Aarushi Pandey
,
 Samridhi Jayant
,
 Adarsh Singh
,
 Farah Deeba
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000126

Exploring The Synergistic Effects of Plant-Derived Compounds with Conventional Antibiotics Against MDR Strains

Hiren Ravindra Shirsath, Prachi Kamleshbhai Pandya, Twisha Mehulkumar Patel

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens are emerging and becoming a dire concern, and researchers are dependent on innovative solutions to the problem to reestablish antibiotic susceptibility. This paper examined synergisitc influences of plant-derived agents chosen to comprise of a conventional antibiotic against MDR pathogens. Phytochemicals had moderate anti-microbial activity against the same bacteria when administered separately, and their combination with antibiotics resulted in marked elevation of antimicrobial activity, decreased minimum inhibitory effect (MIC) and postponed resistance development. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated to be sustained over time by time-kill assays and cytotoxicity testing showed positive safety ratios at synergistic concentrations. These results were also justified statistically. Generally, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential value of phytochemical-antibiotic combination in curbing the menace of antimicrobial resistance as a cost effective and a sustainable method of managing this global emergency.

Drug DiscoveryCurcuminα-HederinAnimal ModelsBioactive CompoundsNatural Products+2 more
8,455 views
2,556 downloads

Contributors:

 Hiren Ravindra Shirsath
,
 Prachi Kamleshbhai Pandya
,
 Twisha Mehulkumar Patel
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000128

Exploring Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants Through Modern Pharmacognostic Approaches: An Animal-Based Perspective

Srikumar Chakravarthi, Yong Lit Chen, Khoo Wei Teng, Christinal Teh Pey Wen

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plants have been known to confer beneficial therapeutic effects in the traditional systemic Chinese Medicinal, but a science-based verification is important to offer evidence-based utilization. This review will cover or discuss the pharmacological prospect of TCM plants, including Andrographis paniculata, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Scutellaria baicalensis, astragalus membranaceus, ginkgo biloba and panax ginseng using the preclinical study in animals. These investigations indicate a high level of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulator, anti-oxidant, heendoguinative proteomin and neuro-protection, which have been explained through recent pharmacognostic strategies such as phytochemical screening, chromatographic studies, in-vitro tests, as well as molecular analyses. Although translation into humans is impeded by species-specific effects, complex, formulations and reproducibility, the incorporation of standardized extracts, high- fidelity disease models, and increasing ethical options all improve the translational significance. The results indicate the possible potential in TCM plants as evidence-based human and veterinary medicines and point to possible areas of future intensive preclinical and clinical studies.

NeuroprotectionPhenolic compoundsTerpenoidsAlkaloidsFlavonoidsPlant secondary metabolites+1 more
8,662 views
2,673 downloads

Contributors:

 Srikumar Chakravarthi
,
 Yong Lit Chen
,
 Khoo Wei Teng
,
 Christinal Teh Pey Wen
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000116

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Sunscreen Lotion Enriched with Natural Plant Extracts

Suman Shrivastava, Anjali Sahu

Background: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation may result in sunburn, accelerated aging, cutaneous damage, and potentially, carcinoma of the skin. While effective, synthetic sunscreens are frequently linked to dermal irritation and possible toxicity. Herbal sunscreens, formulated with natural, plant-derived compounds, present a more secure and ecologically sound alternative. Objective: To develop and evaluate a herbal sunscreen lotion utilizing plant extracts possessing established UV-protective, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. Materials and Methods: Herbal extracts derived from Aloe vera, Watermelon, Sandalwood, and Turmeric were selected based on their photoprotective and antioxidant capabilities. The lotion base was prepared utilizing conventional emulsification methodologies. Physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability, in-vitro sun protection factor determined via UV spectrophotometry were evaluated for the formulated herbal sunscreen lotion. Results: The herbal sunscreen lotion exhibited acceptable spreadability, stability under diverse storage conditions, and an appropriate pH (5.5–6.5). Confirmation of effective UV-B protection was established by the moderate range (SPF 15–25) of the in-vitro SPF value. The presence of significant antioxidant activity suggested the potential for skin protection from oxidative damage. Conclusion: The herbal sunscreen cream exhibits potential antioxidant properties in conjunction with ultraviolet (UV) protection. It serves as a safe, natural, and efficient alternative to chemical sunscreens, demonstrating commercialization potential.

Parkinson’s diseaseAlzheimer’s diseaseNeuroprotectionEGb 761Ginkgo biloba
7,717 views
2,314 downloads

Contributors:

 Suman Shrivastava
,
 Anjali Sahu
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000122

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Based Shampoo

Sanjay Deshmukh Sanjay, Akash Dewangan, Dr. Rajesh Choudhary

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a polyherbal shampoo using natural, plant-based ingredients that deliver effective cleansing, conditioning, and scalp compatibility without synthetic additives. In response to growing consumer demand for eco-friendly personal care products, Ayurvedic botanicals such as amla, ginger, hibiscus, aloe vera, bhringraj, senna, and shikakai were selected for their well-documented antimicrobial and nourishing properties. Herbal extracts were prepared via maceration and decoction, followed by phytochemical screening to identify bioactive constituents. Seven formulations (F1–F7) were developed using a gelatin base, incorporating herbal extracts, natural fragrance, gelling agents, and pH regulators. Each shampoo was evaluated for physicochemical and aesthetic parameters, including appearance, pH, viscosity (measured at 26 ± 1°C and 120 rpm using a Labman LMDV60 viscometer), foam generation and stability, total solids, dirt dispersion, and washability. Among all prototypes, Formulation F5 demonstrated superior performance: pH of 5.16, viscosity of 946.0 mPa·s, foam stability of 90 mL after 1 minute, and solid content of 23.88%. It effectively dispersed ink and rinsed cleanly, while also exhibiting favorable sensory attributes such as pleasant aroma, golden honey color, and commercial-grade texture. These results confirm that combining multiple herbal extracts in a single formulation can yield a safe, effective, and sensorially appealing shampoo. Formulation F5 stands out as a promising eco-conscious alternative to conventional shampoos, supporting further innovation in herbal-based personal care products.

7,889 views
2,404 downloads

Contributors:

 Sanjay Deshmukh Sanjay
,
 Akash Dewangan
,
 Dr. Rajesh Choudhary
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000129

Isolation And Characterization of Novel Bioactive Compounds from Endemic Medicinal Plants of The Western Ghats

Rama Soni

Western Ghats in India which has been globally accepted as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO serves as a hotspot of biological diversity, having a rich diversity of endemic medicinal plants with pharmacological value. The purpose of the current literature was to isolate and characterize new bioactive agents in some of the endemic plants, Coscinium fenestratum, Plectranthus vettiveroides and Garcinia indica. The used plant materials were obtained with a professional and ethical standard of collection of both conservation and ethical standards, extracted via solvent partitioning and then chromatographically separated. The presence of that structure was elucidated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry ( HR MS) analysis. Screening of the bioactivity was done on antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. It was found that there were three new alkaloids plus two flavonoid glycosides and a hitherto unknown Xanthone derivative. Such substances demonstrated a strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, high antioxidant properties in assays of DPPH and ABTS, and selective human breast cancer cell lines cytotoxicity (MCF-7). These results add to the fact that the flora of the Western Ghats has significant potential in novel drug discovery.

Neuroprotective.HepatoprotectiveAntioxidantAnti-inflammatoryAntiviralPharmacognostic Approaches+2 more
8,577 views
2,548 downloads

Contributors:

 Rama Soni
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000130

Pharmacognostic And Pharmacological Evaluation of Azadirachta Indica Leaves for Anti-Diabetic Activity

Bishwanath Mishra, Swalin Parija, Debashis Mishra, Oishani Chatterjee, Samli Satapathy

This research paper explains the nature of pharmacogenetics and anti-diabatic roles of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves. Pharmacogenetic serials of phytochemical checks (microscopy, physicochemical tests ash test; extractive values) were performed on the shade-dried leaves. Extracts were made methanolically and extraction was done using water. The methods used in test were antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS), inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of α-glucosidase and in vitro experiments. The in vivo anti-diabetic efficiency was studied on the high-fat diet/ streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced Type 2 diabetic rat by administration of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of 30 days. Blood gligatorid levels, glucose intolerance, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status and histopathology of pancreatic tissues were assessed and metformin was performed as a positive control. HPLC/HPTLC demonstrated rutin, quercetin and ellagic acid using methanolic extract. Extrates showed good ability of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition; the 400 mg/kg dose notably corrected glycemia, reversed lipid and antioxidants levels. The histology revealed the recovery of pancreatic structure.

Drug DiscoveryPhytochemistryBioactive CompoundsEndemic PlantsWestern Ghats
8,833 views
2,638 downloads

Contributors:

 Bishwanath Mishra
,
 Swalin Parija
,
 Debashis Mishra
,
 Oishani Chatterjee
,
 Samli Satapathy
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000124

Pharmacognostical Profiling and GC-Ms Analysis of Tinospora Cordifolia Stems for Immunomodulatory Properties

Pramod Kumar Patel, Sonika Prajapati, Vaibhav Yadav, Durga Pandey, Disha Deshmukh

This paper is a pharmacognostical and chemical appraisal of Tinospora cordifolia stems with focus on their immunomodulatory activity. Authenticity and quality of the plant material were established by the use of pharmacognostical profiling such macroscopic and physicochemical analyses which indicated some features like greenish-brown in colour stems, fibrous fracture characteristic and good moisture (8.25%) and ash content equal to WHO recommended limits. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the characterization of tinosporaside (14.2%), berberine (12.5%), palmatine (10.8%), magnoflorine (9.4%), beta-sitosterol (8.6%), and stigmasterol (7.9%), to be the most significant bioactive components of ethanol extracts. An analysis of a Relative Contribution Index (RCI) identified tinosporaside (0.710) and berberine (0.625) as the core contributors to the potential activity of immunomodulation. These results provide a scientific foundation to the traditional use of T. cordifolia in immune-support formulations, a chemical road-map to quality control, and compounds of interest that may be considered priority to further bioactivity verification. The proposed integrated method helps with conceiving how to standardize herbal extracts and shape future pharmacological research.

Disease preventionHealth managementLifestyle FactorsDisease AwarenessPublic HealthChronic Diseases+3 more
8,194 views
2,494 downloads

Contributors:

 Pramod Kumar Patel
,
 Sonika Prajapati
,
 Vaibhav Yadav
,
 Durga Pandey
,
 Disha Deshmukh
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000132

Pharmacognosy In The 21st Century: Integrating Traditional Knowledge with Modern Drug Discovery Techniques

Divyani Thakur, Gaurav Kumar Sahu

The animal-based pharmacognosy has become a central science in the 21 st century, which represents a summarization of the conventional old knowledge of medicines and modern drug discovery. Using such models as rodents, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis, the pharmacological activities of plant-derived active ingredients have been confirmed, indicating the use of active ingredients against inflammations, neuroprotective properties, antioxidant, antidiabetic characteristics, and wound-healing properties. High-end technological methodologies, such as assay of toxicity, behavioral analysis and disease-related models, have promoted both efficacy and safety analyses, whereas the current technological tools, such as LC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and computational modeling, have increased accuracy, repeatability, and elucidation of the mechanism. Though interspecies variation, absence of standardization of extraction procedures and ethical issues remain a challenge in the field of animal-based pharmacognosy, it has been a revolutionary step in merging ethnomedicine and modern-day biomedical research. New paradigms, like high-throughput screening and omics methods, as well as alternative platforms, e.g., organ-on-chip systems are transforming the field, thereby providing more ethical, accurate, and translationally relevant practices. Combining or integrating the traditional wisdom and modern innovative approach, animal-based pharmacognosy can support sustainable drug discovery pipelines and offer immense opportunity in meeting the global health challenges.

Bioactive Compounds.AlgaeMarine SpongesAnti-Cancer ActivityNatural ProductsMarine Pharmacognosy
9,119 views
2,657 downloads

Contributors:

 Divyani Thakur
,
 Gaurav Kumar Sahu
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000131

Pharmacognosy of Marine-Derived Natural Products: A Frontier in Anti-Cancer Research

Divyani Thakur, Gaurav Kumar Sahu

Natural products of marine origin have become an attractive area in the search of new anti-cancer agents because of their distinct chemical novelty and the presence of strong bioactive substances. This study was intended to examine pharmacognostic potential of a few marine-derived compounds on cancer cell proliferation in animal experimental models. Marine sponges and algae were extracted crudely and screened phytochemically, and then in vivo assayed in tumor-induced mice models. The information was obtained by the measurement of tumor volume, analysis of survival rates, and histopathological tests. It was found that alkaloids isolated in marine sponges showed a significant decrease of the tumor volume (mean = 45.2 mm 3, SD = 4.8) compared to control (mean = 92.6 mm 3, SD = 6.2), whereas terpenoids isolated in algae increased survival rates and caused strong apoptosis in cancerous tissues. In general, the results indicate that bioactive compounds of marine origin have strong anti-cancer activity, which underlines their significance as new pharmacognostic sources of cancer treatment. The paper highlights the need of marine pharmacognosy in the broadening of natural product-based drug discovery and suggests additional research to achieve efficacy, safety, and mechanistic insights.

Flavonoids.Antidiabetic ActivityPharmacognostic EvaluationNeemAzadirachta Indica
8,787 views
2,708 downloads

Contributors:

 Divyani Thakur
,
 Gaurav Kumar Sahu
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000117

Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Ageing Potential of Herbal Extracts in A Topical Cream Formulation

Suman Shrivastava, Laxmi Sen, Akash Dewangan

Background: Calendula, chamomile, and butterfly pea contain a high concentration of antioxidants that rejuvenate skin and provide relief from irritation. Based on this information, we can assume that extracts of these plants can be used to make a sustainable anti-aging cream as a natural alternative to existing skincare products. Objective: This research aims to formulate a topical cream using extracts of calendula, chamomile, and butterfly pea. The work also includes tests of the phytochemical profile and evaluation parameters of the cream. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed the content of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids by performing qualitative phytochemical screening on methanolic extracts of Clitoria ternatea, Calendula officinalis, and Matricaria chamomilla. Using standard methods, we emulsified the mixed herbal extracts to produce an oil-in-water cream. Once prepared, the cream formulation was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and stability under a variety of storage conditions. Results: All three herbal extracts were shown to have significant quantities of phenolic compounds and flavonoids upon phytochemical analysis. Additionally, the formulated cream proved to have desirable organoleptic qualities that include a pH of 4.5- 5.2, stable viscosity, and good spreadability. It also proved to remain homogeneous with no evidence of phase separation or microbial growth over the duration of the 30-day stability study. Conclusion: Anti-aging cream formulation using butterfly pea, calendula, and chamomile extracts exhibited promising physical, chemical, and stability profiles. The phytochemical components support the viability of its use as a natural anti-aging formulation. Further studies to assess its biological efficacy are recommended.

TurmericWatermelonAloe veraSun Protection FactorUV protectionHerbal sunscreen
7,450 views
2,293 downloads

Contributors:

 Suman Shrivastava
,
 Laxmi Sen
,
 Akash Dewangan
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000119

Polyherbal Sunscreen Cream: Formulation, Physicochemical Evaluation, And In Vitro SPF Determination

Saurabh Shrivastava, Morlin Toppo

Background: Herbal bioactives with antioxidant and UV-protective properties are increasingly favored in sunscreen formulations for their safety and efficacy. This study focuses on the development and optimization of a polyherbal sunscreen cream incorporating Camellia sinensis (green tea), Citrus sinensis (orange peel), Punica granatum (pomegranate peel), Curcuma longa (turmeric) extracts in an oil-in-water emulsion base. Objective: To formulate and evaluate a stable, non-greasy polyherbal sunscreen cream and identify the optimal formulation in terms of SPF, texture, spreadability, and stability. Methods: Three formulations (F1–F3) were prepared using a fixed base of stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, olive oil, glycerin, and parabens, with varying concentrations of herbal extract blend (6% to 10% w/w). The creams were evaluated for physical characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro SPF, and stability under accelerated conditions (centrifugation, thermal cycling, and long-term storage). Results: All formulations were smooth, yellow-green, optically homogeneous, and free from grittiness. pH values remained skin-compatible (6.05–6.15), and no phase separation was observed during stability testing. F3, containing the highest concentration of polyherbal extract and oil phase, exhibited the highest SPF value of 22.7 ± 0.6, a viscosity of 17,600 ± 210 cP, and a spreadability of 5.2 ± 0.2 cm, indicating a rich texture with high photoprotective capacity. All formulations passed centrifugation and thermal cycling tests and maintained long-term stability over 90 days. Conclusion: Among the three tested formulations, F3 was found to be the most effective due to its superior SPF value, acceptable spreadability, and excellent stability. This study highlights the potential of polyherbal extracts as safe and effective ingredients in natural sunscreen formulations, suitable for further in vivo testing and commercial development.

ThymolEucalyptus OilCamphorMentha OilClove OilNasal Congestion+1 more
7,557 views
2,361 downloads

Contributors:

 Saurabh Shrivastava
,
 Morlin Toppo
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000133

Quantitative Estimation of Alkaloids and Flavonoids in Wild and Cultivated Varieties of Rauvolfia Serpentina

Aman Kumar Singh, Aarushi Pandey, Mohammad Ali, Atul Atul, Farah Deeba

This study is a quantitative assessment of the alkaloid and flavonoid content of the wild and cultivated varieties of a well-known and richly endowed medicinal plant, Rauvolfia Serpentina. Total alkaloids, specific indole alkaloids (reserpine, rescinnamine and ajmaline), and total flavonoids were determined by standardized field sampling, solvent extracts, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and UHPLC of roots and leaves in 15 wild and 15 cultivated plants. Metabolite Profiles Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC) was used as qualitative confirmation of metabolite profiles. Findings demonstrated that all targeted compounds were more concentrated in wild plants and extract yields were greater in those plants than in cultivated ones. Soil analysis identified that there was a high positive relationship between organic matter and amount of metabolites and a negative relationship between soil pH, which shows that acidic and organic rich soils support the production of secondary metabolites. Two-way ANOVA indicated that the condition of growth and type of tissue had significant effects on the levels of phytochemicals, and the effect of the interaction between them was moderate, whereas PCA allowed the differentiation of wild and cultivated samples by high loadings of reserpine, rescinnamine, and total alkaloids. These discoveries establish the importance of wild R. serpentina population ecologically and agronomically and such reflection of improvement lends scientific support to sustainable harvesting, better cultivation processes through replication of wild traits and quality in herbal medicinal which is drug manufacturing process.

Computational PharmacologyOmics TechnologiesToxicity EvaluationDrug DiscoveryNatural ProductsAnimal Models+2 more
9,371 views
2,749 downloads

Contributors:

 Aman Kumar Singh
,
 Aarushi Pandey
,
 Mohammad Ali
,
 Atul Atul
,
 Farah Deeba
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000134

Standardization and Quality Control of Polyherbal Formulations Using HPLC and UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Jaidev Kumar, Tusar Bajpai

Complex phytochemical composition of polyherbal formulations which are dominant in traditional medicine systems makes it hard to standardize them. The research discusses a confirmed analytical method of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy to standardize and guarantee the quality control of polyherbal formulation. Validated HPTLC methods based on ICH guidelines were used to quantify selected marker compounds-gallic acid, quercetin, mangiferin and curcumin- in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). In tandem with this, UV-Vis absorption spectra and calibration curves were developed to quantitatively analyse substances using Beer Lambert law with the instrumental limitations in mind (e.g. stray light and bandwidth of the dual wavelength approach). These results obtained high correlation coefficients (>0.999), detection limit in nanogram range and accurate quantification of significant bioactive markers. The combined workflow provides a sound, reproduceable and cost-efficient platform of quality control of complex herbal blends. The study helps to advance the use of polyherbal preparations because it helps to mediate between traditional medicine approaches and contemporary analytical standards.

Rauvolfia SerpentinCultivated VarietiesWildFlavonoidsAlkaloidsQuantitative Estimation
9,364 views
2,778 downloads

Contributors:

 Jaidev Kumar
,
 Tusar Bajpai
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000135

Tannins, Terpenoids, And Alkaloids: A Review of Their Pharmacognostic Importance in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

Sudhir Kaushik

The significant followings of secondary metabolites plant-derived products are tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have significant pharmacognostic value in the treatment of anti-inflammation. Preclinical studies on animal models demonstrate that tannins, by means of their inhibitory effect on COX and LOX enzymes and their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce edema, oxidative stress, and swelling of joints, whereas terpenoids (oleanolic and ursolic acid), by regulating the immune response and alleviating pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and anti-inflammatory effects on tissues, can be described as antioxidants. Alkaloids (such as berberine and colchicine) also work through distinct mechanisms of action, namely via inhibition of NF-KB, suppression of iNOS, and modulation of immune cell infiltration to yield therapeutic effects to specific gastrointestinal and joint inflammation. Taken together; these compounds can shed light on a variety of, but complementary mechanisms, which can provide safe and sustainable alternatives to traditional anti-inflammatory medicines. Although their potential remains encouraging, shortcomings including inefficient bioavailability, unstandardized extraction, and limited chronic model studies as well as their poorly studied translational potential, continue to represent a major obstacle. By filling these gaps with standardized approaches, pharmacokinetic/toxicological profiling, and designing synergistic formulations, the enhancement of their therapeutic value may be possible and allow their introduction in veterinary and biomedical practice.

Marker compounds.Quality controlUV-Vis spectroscopyHPTLCPolyherbal formulations
9,509 views
2,774 downloads

Contributors:

 Sudhir Kaushik
Research PaperID: IJPHD-00000136

The Revival of Herbal Antivirals: A Pharmacognostic Perspective in the Post-Pandemic Era

Srikumar Chakravarthi, John Paul Judson, Barani Karikalan, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Maziz

The revival of herbal antivirals in the veterinary pharmacognosy is a sustainable approach to antiviral control among livestock and poultry, and its economic costs are an added advantage. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids have been shown to potently inhibit viral replication, regulate and/or activate the immune system, and provide a pharmacological effect on viral enzymes. The use of varied animal models, such as poultry, rodent, and ruminants, enables efficacy, toxicity, and species differences assessment, in order to translate it into the practice of veterinary medicine. Combination of conventional ethnoveterinary medicine with contemporary instruments and techniques such as LC-MS/MS, molecular docking, and metabolomics allows the identification of bioactive substances and clarification of the molecular basis, converting traditional folk medicine into scientific medicine. Although there are limitations to consider in intrinsic variability of dose, inadequate pharmacokinetic information, and ethical limitations, standardized formulations, and sophisticated analytical methods together with alternative pharmacological models can maximise translation utility. This review highlights the need of herbal antivirals that are low toxicity and broad spectrum with minimal to no adverse effects, in lieu of synthetic drugs to maintain animal health and sustainable livestock management, as well as preparedness against any new viral pandemic

Bioavailability.Cytokine modulationAnimal modelsAnti-inflammatory therapyPharmacognosyAlkaloids+2 more
9,715 views
2,781 downloads

Contributors:

 Srikumar Chakravarthi
,
 John Paul Judson
,
 Barani Karikalan
,
 Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
,
 Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Maziz

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