Drug Discovery

This study is a quantitative assessment of the alkaloid and flavonoid content of the wild and cultivated varieties of a well-known and richly endowed medicinal plant, Rauvolfia Serpentina. Total alkaloids, specific indole alkaloids (reserpine, rescinnamine and ajmaline), and total flavonoids were determined by standardized field sampling, solvent extracts, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and UHPLC of roots and leaves in 15 wild and 15 cultivated plants. Metabolite Profiles Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC) was used as qualitative confirmation of metabolite profiles. Findings demonstrated that all targeted compounds were more concentrated in wild plants and extract yields were greater in those plants than in cultivated ones. Soil analysis identified that there was a high positive relationship between organic matter and amount of metabolites and a negative relationship between soil pH, which shows that acidic and organic rich soils support the production of secondary metabolites. Two-way ANOVA indicated that the condition of growth and type of tissue had significant effects on the levels of phytochemicals, and the effect of the interaction between them was moderate, whereas PCA allowed the differentiation of wild and cultivated samples by high loadings of reserpine, rescinnamine, and total alkaloids. These discoveries establish the importance of wild R. serpentina population ecologically and agronomically and such reflection of improvement lends scientific support to sustainable harvesting, better cultivation processes through replication of wild traits and quality in herbal medicinal which is drug manufacturing process.

This research paper explains the nature of pharmacogenetics and anti-diabatic roles of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves. Pharmacogenetic serials of phytochemical checks (microscopy, physicochemical tests ash test; extractive values) were performed on the shade-dried leaves. Extracts were made methanolically and extraction was done using water. The methods used in test were antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS), inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of α-glucosidase and in vitro experiments. The in vivo anti-diabetic efficiency was studied on the high-fat diet/ streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced Type 2 diabetic rat by administration of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of 30 days. Blood gligatorid levels, glucose intolerance, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status and histopathology of pancreatic tissues were assessed and metformin was performed as a positive control. HPLC/HPTLC demonstrated rutin, quercetin and ellagic acid using methanolic extract. Extrates showed good ability of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition; the 400 mg/kg dose notably corrected glycemia, reversed lipid and antioxidants levels. The histology revealed the recovery of pancreatic structure.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens are emerging and becoming a dire concern, and researchers are dependent on innovative solutions to the problem to reestablish antibiotic susceptibility. This paper examined synergisitc influences of plant-derived agents chosen to comprise of a conventional antibiotic against MDR pathogens. Phytochemicals had moderate anti-microbial activity against the same bacteria when administered separately, and their combination with antibiotics resulted in marked elevation of antimicrobial activity, decreased minimum inhibitory effect (MIC) and postponed resistance development. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated to be sustained over time by time-kill assays and cytotoxicity testing showed positive safety ratios at synergistic concentrations. These results were also justified statistically. Generally, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential value of phytochemical-antibiotic combination in curbing the menace of antimicrobial resistance as a cost effective and a sustainable method of managing this global emergency.