Phytochemistry

Hyperlipidemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. The present study evaluates the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. fruit extract in high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic rats. Rats were divided into six groups including Normal Control, HFD Control, Standard (Atorvastatin 7.2 mg/kg), and three test groups receiving extract doses of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg respectively. Significant reductions (pCapsicum chinense as a promising natural hypolipidemic agent.

This research paper explains the nature of pharmacogenetics and anti-diabatic roles of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves. Pharmacogenetic serials of phytochemical checks (microscopy, physicochemical tests ash test; extractive values) were performed on the shade-dried leaves. Extracts were made methanolically and extraction was done using water. The methods used in test were antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS), inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of α-glucosidase and in vitro experiments. The in vivo anti-diabetic efficiency was studied on the high-fat diet/ streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced Type 2 diabetic rat by administration of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of 30 days. Blood gligatorid levels, glucose intolerance, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status and histopathology of pancreatic tissues were assessed and metformin was performed as a positive control. HPLC/HPTLC demonstrated rutin, quercetin and ellagic acid using methanolic extract. Extrates showed good ability of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition; the 400 mg/kg dose notably corrected glycemia, reversed lipid and antioxidants levels. The histology revealed the recovery of pancreatic structure.

Ancient medicinal plants have been in use across cultures for the treatment of microbial infections. The recent upsurge in antibiotic resistance has created interest in the discovery of plant-based remedies with antimicrobial activity. In this research, the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential of three traditional medicinal plants, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), which are well known for their ethnomedicinal uses, were examined. The objective was to evaluate their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. Phytochemical screening presented the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in different concentrations in the plant extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method, and statistical analysis proved differences in antimicrobial potency among the plant extracts to be significant. Withania somnifera showed the greatest antimicrobial activity, with Ocimum sanctum showing intermediate activity, while Azadirachta indica showed the lowest activity. There was a high positive correlation between the content of alkaloids and antimicrobial activity.