Assessment of In-vivo Anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of Sida cordata

Inflammation is a complex physiological process that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Sida cordata (Family- Malvaceae), a medicinal plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic and ethno-medicinal systems, possesses notable anti-inflammatory potential attributed to its phytochemical constituents. The objective is to assess the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of water and acetic acid extract of Sida cordata using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Albino rates were divided into four groups (n=6 each): Control, carrageenan control, Water extract (100 & 200 mg/kg), and Acetic acid extract (100 & 200 mg/kg). Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan into the subplanter region of the left hind paw. Paw volume was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 hours post-injection using a Varner caliper. The percentage inhibition of paw edema was calculated, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post Tukey’s test. Both extracts significantly reduce power edema volume compared to the control. The water extract showed a greater reduction in inflammation throughout the observation. Maximum inhibition was observed at the 4th hour post carrageenan injection. Water and acetic acid extracts of Sida cordata demonstrate significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity supporting its traditional use in inflammatory disorders. Further isolation of the bioactive compound and mechanistic studies are warranted.