Rishita Pathak

Ancient medicinal plants have been in use across cultures for the treatment of microbial infections. The recent upsurge in antibiotic resistance has created interest in the discovery of plant-based remedies with antimicrobial activity. In this research, the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential of three traditional medicinal plants, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), which are well known for their ethnomedicinal uses, were examined. The objective was to evaluate their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. Phytochemical screening presented the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in different concentrations in the plant extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method, and statistical analysis proved differences in antimicrobial potency among the plant extracts to be significant. Withania somnifera showed the greatest antimicrobial activity, with Ocimum sanctum showing intermediate activity, while Azadirachta indica showed the lowest activity. There was a high positive correlation between the content of alkaloids and antimicrobial activity.

The medicinal plants Cinnamomum cassia, Berberis vulgaris, Curcuma longa, Vitex agnus-castus and Glycyrrhiza glabra have shown potential in treating PCOS symptoms effectively with limited unwanted consequences. The review demonstrates an extensive analysis of PCOS pathophysiology together with an assessment of established treatment methods and an examination of rising herbal therapy significance. More extensive clinical trials need to be conducted to confirm suitable treatment dosages and determine long-lasting safety norms and reveal treatment mechanism details of herbal medicine. The combination of proven herbal treatments with conventional therapy alongside personalized medical care would establish an advanced method for treating PCOS that enhances the effectiveness of reproductive and metabolic health management.