V Geetha

Extraction and isolation techniques play a crucial role in obtaining bioactive compounds from natural sources. Traditional methods such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, though effective, are often time-consuming and inefficient. Recent advancements have led to the development of innovative techniques such as Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound- Assisted Extraction (UAE) and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE), which improve yield, reduce solvent usage, and enhance selectivity. This review critically examines these modern techniques, comparing their efficiency, applications, and limitations. Additionally, the integration of green chemistry principles in extraction methods is discussed, emphasizing sustainability and environmental impact. The review concludes with future perspectives on emerging technologies in extraction and isolation, including automation and green solvents