Hemkanti Patel

This experimental study sought to comparatively evaluate the anti-anxiety actions of a synthetic anxiolytic drug, diazepam, and a phytoconstituent, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), through standardized behaviour models in Swiss albino mice. A randomized controlled trial with three groups control, diazepam-treated, and Withania somnifera-treated was undertaken, in which behaviour modifications were assessed through the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). The research proved that diazepam as well as Withania somnifera effectively prolonged open arm time and improved locomotor activity, reflecting decreased anxiety levels. Statistical analysis through ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test showed that although slightly more potent, the phytoconstituent had similar anxiolytic activity with no statistically significant difference in most measures. This result indicates the possibility of Withania somnifera as an effective and natural substitute for artificial anxiolytics, removing dependency and side effect concerns typical of traditional medication. The work adds new comparative data to the literature and inspires further investigation of plant-based interventions for anxiety disorders, affirming the therapeutic importance of incorporating herbal medicine into general pharmacological treatment.

The experimental analysis of Syzygium cumini extract pharmacodynamic properties examines blood glucose control mechanisms and antioxidant effects and tests security parameters. For 28 days Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received Syzygium cumini extract treatment at both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses. Blood glucose levels decreased substantially during the study period while the high-dose treatment group achieved near-normal glucose concentrations by its conclusion. The antioxidant function of the extract occurred due to elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) together with higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase levels and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Tests of lipid profile showed higher HDL values and lower levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides and LDL which could protect the heart. The test of liver enzymes validated a good safety profile for the extract because it yielded negative hepatotoxicity results. Test outcomes demonstrate that Syzygium cumini extract may function as an additional treatment to manage diabetes together with its connected complications and protect the cardiovascular system.

This research is a comparative study of various extraction techniques to improve alkaloid yield and purity from medicinal plants. Alkaloids, with their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including anticancer, analgesic, and antimalarial activities, are key bioactive molecules in pharmaceutical uses. The research assesses both traditional extraction methods—maceration and Soxhlet—and innovative techniques—Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Three medicinal plants rich in alkaloids (Rauwolfia serpentina, Catharanthus roseus, and Papaver somniferum) were chosen for the investigation. The techniques were evaluated on the basis of yield percentage, extraction time, solvent usage, and purity of extracts (evaluated through HPLC). Findings indicated that ASE and MAE performed significantly better than conventional techniques, providing higher purity and yield with less time and solvent consumption. SPE, employed as a purification process, also enhanced the quality of extracts. The findings support eco-friendly, new extraction methods in pharmaceutical and biotechnology, offering effective alternatives to existing approaches. The research standardizes alkaloid extraction methods for natural product research and industry.

Antimalarial treatments, Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), parasite load reduction, randomized control trial, Neem extract, chloroquine-resistant strains