Govind Sharma

This review explores the neuroprotective potential of Ginkgo biloba extracts, particularly the standardized formulation EGb 761, through a pharmacognostic lens. With the global rise in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ischemic stroke, there is an urgent need for safe, effective, and multi-targeted therapeutic options. The review begins by outlining the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, and global cultivation patterns of Ginkgo biloba, establishing its importance as a medicinal plant. It then examines a range of preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies, which collectively highlight the extract’s ability to enhance memory, reduce oxidative stress, lower inflammatory markers, and improve mitochondrial function. These effects are largely attributed to its active constituents—flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide)—which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurovascular actions. The review also presents key mechanisms of action, discusses findings from behavioural and biochemical assessments, and synthesizes the therapeutic relevance of Ginkgo biloba in both early and moderate stages of cognitive impairment. Despite promising results, challenges such as inconsistent clinical trial methodologies, limited long-term data, and a lack of head-to-head comparisons with conventional drugs are noted.

This is about the developmental process of the enzymes and the effect of the toxic components on them. The oxidised components releases from the body of the biological elements and this effects on themselves. The development of the biological components is necessary for the development as well as the chemical helps for the changing of the deactivate enzymes to activate enzyme. This process increases the rate of progress in the reaction and decreases the amount of energy consumption.

This article thoroughly discusses the advancements and therapeutic potential of herbal-based nanoparticles as emerging drug delivery systems. Herbal nanoparticles, which were synthesized predominantly by using ecofriendly green synthesis methods incorporating plant extracts, have emerged as a better option compared to conventional drug carriers by enhancing solubility, stability, bioavailability, and facilitating targeted drug delivery. The report highlights the integration of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids into nanoparticle systems to improve the therapeutic efficacy against cancer, microbial infections, and chronic inflammation. Key characteristics addressed include the synthesis pathways, drug loading capacities, controlled and sustained release mechanisms, biocompatibility assessment, pharmacokinetic improvement, and toxicity evaluation. Moreover, the advantages of herbal-based nanoparticles on the environment, including their biodegradability, reduced ecological footprint, and reduced waste during production, are underscored as being pivotal in fueling green pharmaceutical technologies. Despite challenges like bulk production and stability over long periods already being faced, herbala-based nanoparticles offer a promising path to propel personalized medicine, enhance patient outcomes, and maintain pharmaceutical innovation. The review confirms that additional studies in herbal nanotechnology are potentially revolutionary to future therapeutic interventions and eco-friendly environmental healthcare interventions.

This research, "Ethnobotanical Survey and Pharmacognostic Profiling of Medicinal Plants Used in Wound Healing," sets out to record the traditional medicinal plants utilized to heal wounds and scientifically assess their pharmacognostic attributes. Carried out in a chosen rural area in India, the research utilizes an ethnobotanical survey using formal interviews with traditional practitioners and local healers to determine popular plant species in use. 25 medicinal plants were screened and examined with macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical screening for their bioactive potential. Results show that the most common phytochemicals are flavonoids (92%) and tannins (88%), responsible for tissue regeneration and antimicrobial activity. Their anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activities are brought about by alkaloids (76%) and saponins (68%). Statistical analysis also disclosed a high correlation (r = 0.85) between the concentration of flavonoids and antimicrobial activity that testifies to their therapeutic significance. Results vindicate scientifically the age-old practice of using plants as drugs in wound healing and establish a basis for their incorporation into contemporary herbal preparations and drug development.

Oral health is an essential aspect of general well-being, but widespread conditions like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and halitosis are still prevalent. Traditional treatments like fluoride-based products and antibiotics have been effective but are associated with limitations like antibiotic resistance, side effects, and high expense. This review discusses the possibility of herbal remedies as alternatives to traditional oral health care. Different herbs, such as neem, clove, turmeric, and aloe vera, have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities that could be responsible for enhanced oral health and disease control. Based on a review of the available literature, this paper emphasizes the effectiveness, mechanisms, and limitations of incorporating herbal medicine into conventional dental practice.

This is a systematic review on herbal medicine's potential role in managing CKD, a progressive condition that poses much health concern worldwide. It explores medicinal plants, including Phyllanthus niruri, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Withania somnifera, that exhibit nephroprotective properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. These therapies have been designed to target the mechanisms of their action through the modulation and reduction of fibrosis with a resultant increase in kidney function and slowing of the progression of CKD. While such encouraging preclinical and clinical data are available, clinical application challenges include standardisation, herb-drug interaction, and regulatory restrictions. The review strongly focuses on this combination of these natural remedies to benefit synergistically with conventional treatments, reduce cost in treatment delivery, and have sustainable solutions for delivering healthcare. Since this analysis now creates a path toward standard protocols and potential further research, more holistic CKD care is approached.

The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-recovery houses of a polyherbal methanolic extract (PHME) made from Argemone mexicana, Datura stramonium, and Plumbago zeylanica are tested in this study. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been the 4 bacterial traces towards which the antibacterial pastime of PHME became assessed in vitro the use of techniques such as broth dilution and agar well diffusion. In assessment to the diverse plant extracts, the consequences indicated that PHME had the bottom minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the widest zones of inhibition, indicating its higher antibacterial effectiveness. According to the examine, PHME's antibacterial performance became on par with that of the commonplace antibiotic, Ofloxacin, particularly whilst it came to Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial pastime of PHME become drastically extra than that of the separate extracts, in line with statistical analysis. These consequences mean that PHME has wonderful healing promise alternatively for traditional antibiotics, with potential makes use of in wound healing and the treatment of bacterial infections. To completely inspect its healing variety and medical utility, greater research is needed.